A blood test showing a raised PSA is understandably worrying. The most important thing first: a high PSA does not mean you have cancer. It is a finding to look into calmly and carefully, and in many cases the cause is benign.
To make sense of it, it helps to know what PSA is, why it can go up and the sensible order of steps to follow when it comes back high.
Kidney stones (urinary stone disease) are one of the most common reasons people see a urologist. Once you have had one, the chances of forming more are high unless the cause is looked into.
This is a plain-English guide to what they are, the symptoms they cause, when to seek urgent help, the treatments available today and how to prevent them.
